Blue Ocean Strategy Theory and Criticism

Blueprint the primary segments of Kim and Mauborgne’s (2004) idea of ‘Blue Ocean Strategy’. Fundamentally survey the qualities and confinements of this way to deal with seeking after upper hand. Utilize applicable guides to help your contention. Presentation In the contemporary antagonistic business condition, advancement has become some portion of any company’s fundamental procedure for nonstop endurance. Nokia, in spite of being the world’s biggest cell phone maker having a huge client base, acknowledged how absence of development to go up against rivals very good quality advanced mobile phones compromised its market nearness. Kim and Mauborgne’s (2004) Blue Ocean Strategy is one of the significant commitments in that specific circumstance. In like manner, this exposition looks at the Blue Ocean Strategy idea in the accompanying request: First, the hypothesis is clarified with a genuine model. Also we take a gander at not many of its impediments. Thirdly, a basic evaluation of why this methodology is preferable or more terrible off over other contending and worth development hypotheses is introduced lastly the end is drawn. Blue Ocean Strategy Theory As indicated by Kim and Mauborgne (2004) the business universe comprises of two unmistakable sorts of room: Red and Blue Oceans. Red Oceansâ are the realized market space where industry limits are characterized and acknowledged, and the serious principles of the game are known. Here organizations attempt to beat their opponents to get a more prominent portion of the market. As the market space becomes busy, possibilities for benefits and development are decreased. Items become products, and relentless rivalry turns the sea ridiculous and henceforth, the termâ red sea. Blue seas, conversely, allude to all the enterprises not in presence todayâ€the obscure market space, untainted by rivalry. The substance of Blue Oceans is esteem development where request is made as opposed to battled about. There is adequate open door for quick development and benefits. In Blue Ocean, rivalry is unimportant in light of the fact that the standards of the game are holding back to be set. As opposed to Red Ocean which underscores either on cost or separation methodology, Blue Ocean proposes it is conceivable to accomplish both at the same time. Seeking after this system can make high hindrances to section. There are two different ways to make blue seas: one is to offer ascent to totally new ventures and the other is by changing the limit of a current industry. One of the exemplary instances of Blue Ocean methodology was Fords creation of Model T in 1908. Around then the vehicle business in US was immersed (Red Ocean) with 500 little vehicle organizations fabricating barely any costly vehicles for the rich residents as it were. Passage reclassified the business by the presentation of Model T vehicle which was progressively hearty, moderate and had less support cost. With popularity and normalization in its item it had the option to achieve both separation and minimal effort. In this way as opposed to entering and contending on a similar level Ford made the opposition immaterial by taking advantage of an entirely different market or Blue Ocean inside the current business. Impediments Some of the Blue Ocean Strategy confinement proposed by Bowman (2008) incorporates the expense related with bombed activities and developments, the equivocalness in the business definition and the philosophy did for the hypothesis. Other Strategy Theories and Approaches Serious Strategy Forces Porter’s five powers seeing rivalry as the fundamental issue that business out to address is in direct differentiation to Blue Ocean’s perspective on esteem development and making new market. An ongoing exploration in the retail showcase by Barke (2010) proposes that Porter’s perspective on expanded firm prompting lower productivity is in truth obvious however it doesn't go down alarmingly as recommended yet rather a ‘pedestrian force’. Likewise Blue Ocean advancement in a current market can keep going for a long time before it to go down to an essential level (Barke, 2010). This means the benefit gains from advancement, in a current market, are significantly more than recently assumed. Problematic Innovation Kim and Mauborgne (2004) neglected to distinguish the trouble in embracing Blue Ocean system especially for the built up firms. Christensen and Overdorf (2004) recognized this issue in their ‘disruptive innovation’ model which bears closeness with Blue Ocean in that new markets can be made with the current business and ‘continual innovation’ is required for endurance. Comprehensively characterizing, it is a procedure which upsets the direction f an industry it is making a beeline for, rather than attempting to change the entire business and does as such by focusing on the supposed non-shoppers. Christensen contends that set up firm’s quality in assets, procedure, and qualities culture can frequently prompt unbending nature to change and adjust to dangers or investigate new markets. Simple planes steady development an d ascend in predominance against different aircrafts, for example, British Airways is an ideal model. English Airways attempted to change its plan of action and duplicate Easy Jet’s minimal effort technique yet pitiably flopped because of its diverse worth. Christensen and Overdorf (2000) feature this issue about the ‘dangers of rapidly mimicking by set up firms’ and rather encourages new ‘organizational structure, acquisition’ intends to handle the issue. They further proceed to state that little problematic new businesses will consistently have an additional favorable position over set up firms because of less worry in ‘managing resources’ and in CEO’s ‘quick natural choices. ’ Their hypothesis, in this manner, give a totally different point of view in Blue Ocean Strategy model. Experience Innovation and Co-Creation of Value Prahalad (2004) contends that that today, clients need to be included increasingly more in the creation encounter or become ‘co-creator’s’ rather than the ‘dominant logic’ of organizations that chooses which item to fabricate and sell as proposed by Blue Ocean procedure and different speculations. As per him, this prevailing rationale neglects to perceive dangers, take advantage of chances, development and advancement. He proposes ‘value’ is made through understanding of devouring the item as opposed to just estimated side-effect, administration or exchange (Prahalad, 2004: 173). This is the thing that terms as ‘experience innovation’ that can be made through a worldview known as ‘DART (Dialog, Access and Choice, Risk Assessment and Transpercy). ’ Starbucks is a genuine model here †where individuals just don’t go to drink espresso but instead to understanding of the bistro culture. Patterns in Japanese Management While Blue Ocean Strategy accentuates on finding another market for upper hand, Clegg and Kono (2002) states that one of the ascent of Japanese organizations, for example, Hitachi and Toshiba was ‘developing key partnerships and co activity with other companies’ (Clegg and Kono, 2002: 278). Further difference in Blue Ocean methodology incorporates Hamel and Prahalad (1989) ‘advantage of being an adherent as opposed to a leader’ which empowers organizations to have a ‘strategic intent’ or a drawn out vision of winning and beating the greatest in the business, for example, Canon tried to beat ‘Xerox’ and at last coordinating worldwide unit piece of the pie. End The serious point of view recommends that organizations should give close consideration to their current markets whenever searching for open doors for development; that opposition is an a lot more vulnerable power as far as disintegrating the advantages from advancement. Problematic development features the impediments looked by firms in seeking after Blue Ocean yet appropriately encourages firms to receive this procedure for endurance. With the flow IT marvels the experience innovation’s all encompassing perspective on estimating an incentive through customer is another broadness of natural air that ought to be incorporated and be a piece of Blue Ocean Strategy. Finally, the patterns in Japanese Management demonstrates that other fruitful methodology speculations should likewise be considered close by Blue Ocean as a feature of organizations more extensive marketable strategy to stay serious.

Shareholder Value And Employee Interests †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Shareholder Value And Employee Interests? Answer: Presentation An organization is a particular lawful individual, separate from its proprietors, known as investors or individuals and have comparative rights as a characteristic individual. An organization can sue and be sued, or acquire obligation. The organization is a fake individual having unending progression, normal seal, restricted risk and capacity to move its capital into little pieces known as offers. The individual, who possesses the portion of an open or privately owned business, is known as an investor. The individual holding portions of an organization are its proprietors, however the enterprise is overseen by organization officials known as executives. The executives are selected by the investors or other top managerial staff, and they speak to the companys investors. The corporate administration is a wide-running term, including different approaches, headings, rules, and methodology followed by companys executives so as to control and deal with an organization. Viable corporate administration builds the presentation of the association and equalizations different interests of partner in the organization. The partners of an organization incorporate shoppers, investors, executives, chiefs, financial specialists, and government. Partners The individual having an enthusiasm for an organization or the individual whose rights get influenced by the exercises of the organization is called partner. There two kind of partners: Internet and External. Interior partners are elements who fill in as inward piece of the association, including workers, administrators, speculators, and governing body. Outside partners are not part of inside administration but rather still get influenced by the exhibition of the organization, including purchasers, venders, investors, government, network, and loan bosses (Golob 2007). The representatives are the people who recruited by the enterprise for a particular activity. Numerous organizations give offers to their representatives under Employees Stock Ownership Plan or ESOP, so as to build their job in the association. The proprietors of a partnership designate the executives as the officials of the organization. The officials speak to the enthusiasm of different partners, oversee the exercises of an enterprise and settle on choices for key issues of the organization. The administrators of an organization control the every day activity of an association and regulate different parts of an organization, to accomplish its objectives (Damian 2002). The purchasers are the prime focal point of an organization. An organization attempts to fulfill the requirements or gracefully the items, to its purchasers. The purchasers are the most significant resource of the association. The provisions give the crude material to creation and give credit to the company. The administration infer different duties on the association and secure the open enthusiasm, in the company. The investor claims the portions of an organization, they profit by development in the estimation of companys stock (Fletcher 2003). Significance of Shareholders Investors put their capital in the organization by purchasing its offer, all things considered; they are the part-proprietor of the enterprise. Investors didn't engage in every day exercises of business, rather, they have casting a ballot rights to select the top managerial staff. Investors have the democratic force, which they used to settle on choices for the significant issues of the organization (Farrar 2008). The investors are significant for the organization since they help the organization in raising assets for its activities. The investors help account the companys exercises and consequently, they become the proprietor of the association. The speculation contributed by investor utilized in performing exercises of the company and accomplishes its targets (Sharma 2004). The investor has both immediate and roundabout part in the exercises of an association. The executives or the officials of an organization are designated by the votes of investors. The chosen chiefs designate other key administrative work force of the organization to deal with the day by day exercises of the association. The roundabout job of the investor is identified with financial exchange. The organizations require procuring benefits, so as to draw in the financial specialists. There is a consistent weight under companys the board to raise their benefit. Each open organization for the most part has appropriate corporate administration rules, which expect organizations to reveal their budget summaries in meeting to their proprietors. The officials and chiefs have an obligation to react to the investors and not to the administrators. An open companys leading group of chief give proper and entire divulgence to its proprietors in their gathering. The proprietors talk about and investigate the activity and development of the organization and take choice for significant issues of the company. The control of an organization is controlled by its investors. A higher number of investors increment the danger of a threatening takeover in an organization, however in the event that the investors are happy with the administration and development of the organization, they can stop such endeavors. The investors could acknowledge the proposal of merger or obtaining with another organization in the event that they are happy with the offer value (Christensen 2010). The investors of an organization face different dangers while putting resources into a company. The estimation of offer changes quickly on the stock trade. Different market elements or government arrangements could unfavorably influence the stock estimation of an organization in the market. At the hour of wrapping up, the benefits of an organization get sold and continue appropriated among various partners, investors get paid last (Nguyen 2002). Proof of Shareholders Primacy Numerous executives overall held the assessment that chiefs and officials have a legitimate duty towards companys proprietors and it is their commitment to put their enthusiasm over every other partner. Be that as it may, this is only a belief system, not the real law. In investors supremacy approach, the companys sole rationale is to build the benefits for investors. Under this methodology, ordinarily, the representatives of enterprise endure because of occupation misfortunes or work pressure (Grossman 2005). As per different market specialists, investor power influences the enthusiasm of different partners of the organization. The methodology Motive of an organization is just to pick up benefit has been changed with the presentation of Corporate Social obligations or CSR. Presently the thought process of the organization isn't restricted to expand benefits, yet to likewise build the personal satisfaction for workers and society. The investigation led upon 4000 organization chiefs in June 2006, for finding the proof of investors supremacy. The review was centered around discovering proof for whether chiefs organize the enthusiasm of investors in a partnership. The chiefs were approached to rank the partners as indicated by the need of their advantage. As indicated by the overview, the investors premium was the main need by most of chiefs, trailed by enthusiasm of the organization and workers. While positioning their needs, 74 percent of chiefs rank investors enthusiasm as their main need (Anderson 2007). From the review, plainly executives organize the enthusiasm of investors in the association, however the result of study doesn't infer that seek after of investor premium antagonistically influence the enthusiasm of different partners. Investors do have need over different partners, yet a few chiefs have positioned representatives enthusiasm as the need, causing them to seem proportionate when contrasted with different measures. For instance, the companys transient benefits are not considered as a need for the investors, by the executives. The review didn't reason that enthusiasm of different partners isn't being organized. Regardless of whether the investors premium is number one in the positioning, representatives premium has positioned higher in these regards. For instance, the enthusiasm of representatives positioned higher in the rundown with certain executives organizing their enthusiasm as number one on the rundown. In this manner, the study presumed that the investors power is a general perspective, instead of a particular arrangement made to boost the benefits for investors of an organization. The review presumed that the investor supremacy is certainly not a legitimate arrangement nor it is aftereffect of the misinformed perspectives on companys chiefs. The executives comprehend they are legitimately permitted to pick any approach, which is gainful for all partners of the organization. The overview recommended that, corporate administration approach for generally accomplishment of objectives has created in the previous decade, and it is the purpose behind fizzling of corporate administration, tormenting Australia alongside numerous different nations (Mitchell 2005). Suggestions To secure the enthusiasm of different partners and dodging investors supremacy, following advances could be taken by the companys executives: The executives should give a yearly articulation before the yearly comprehensive gathering called Report of Significance Stakeholders and Materiality. The report recognizes different partners of the enterprise and positions their enthusiasm as indicated by companys needs. The report should address the enthusiasm of different partners and contain a page of correspondence between the organization and its partners, with respect to their different issues. There are a few advantages of embracing this methodology, for instance, on the off chance that organization organize the enthusiasm of little term investors, at that point just those issues are material, who influences the enthusiasm of little term investor. On the off chance that organization organize the enthusiasm of workers, at that point the profits will cut before tolerating the lay-offs of representatives (Eccles 2015). The top managerial staff ought to orchestrate gatherings of different partners, to comprehend their issues and accomplishing benefits for them. The investors can introduce their issues in the yearly comprehensive gathering, however it is difficult for different partners to introduce their issues. The gathering of different partners, help in lessening their issues and aid avo

Marketing professional practice 300 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Showcasing proficient practice 300 - Essay Example Schools which need financing or government bolster typically welcome these showcasing endeavors (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2008). In-school showcasing, a predictable and solid recommendation in regards to smart dieting can be incorporated through useful challenges; dissemination of instructive materials; correspondence with flasks or cafeterias; and taking care of projects. While in-school showcasing may not require any interest explicit technique, in peripheral segments, there is a criticalness to do as such. It is assumed that low salary families speak to the peripheral segments of the network in this way nutritious food admission show up irrationally costly for them (Department of Human Services n.d.). A significant target in this effort is to dispose of such outlook. To accomplish this, the association can rather underwrite a dietary plan which includes nutritious yet reasonable food and refreshments for managed every day food utilization. A case of a definite limited time methodology is the FoodCent$ program supported by an Australian charitable (Department of Human Services n.d.). The whole program might be executed for at any rate three years or more when fundamental. There can be no uncertainty to the viability and expectedness of TV publicizing as a strategy for advancing an item, administration, or picture. It makes an impression on a huge or target-explicit crowd in practically no time. A similar standard is genuine while advancing the reason for the cause. The TV ad ought to contain the support in the most innovative however useful structure. With nearby or global youngster famous people and hit characters, the association could utilize TV endorsers to advance it. At that point, the advertisement ought to be scheduled during kids seeing periods, that is, inside youngsters programs. Media systems can gracefully the said data since they build up a programming plan intended for various

The Negative Consequences of Employing High School Students in Fast Food Restaurants

Secondary school age is a significant stage in the lives of youngsters. It is likewise the most pivotal age, as they discharged from the consideration and security of their folks to the self-rule and freedom that accompany adulthood. At this stage, the decision of further instruction is by all accounts the most basic choice that guardians and the youthful grown-ups need to make.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Negative Consequences of Employing High School Students in Fast Food Restaurants explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It presents a dumbfounding circumstance as training, development and work experience are immeasurably critical to them. The defender contends that getting an initial segment time or all day work gives understudies a likelihood to gain new abilities, for example, obligation, fearlessness, time the board and business enterprise. The primary employment can be the initial phase in creating future vocation. Nonetheless, pu ndits contend that working in drive-through eateries have no impact in building up the student’s profession. In spite of the fact that the examination done by Devine demonstrates that most guardians bolster the possibility of adolescents working, this may have impeding impacts to their professions and scholastics over the long haul (16). Along these lines, secondary school understudies ought not be permitted to work in drive-through eateries. Schlosser’s book, Fast Food Nation, uncovered the troubles and issues that young people face when working in these drive-thru eateries (32). All the more frequently, these understudies experience the ill effects of sadness, disregard school assignments and build up a negative mentality to work. As indicated by Schlosser, students’ scholastic and expert vocations are contrarily influenced by low maintenance employments (33). Schlosser’s book records an account of Elisa Zamolt which is a contextual analysis of the pres sure and dissatisfaction looked by secondary school understudies working in the eateries. Citing from Schlosser book; â€Å"Teenagers have been the ideal possibility for these employments, not just in light of the fact that they are more affordable to enlist than grown-ups, yet additionally in light of the fact that their energetic naiveté makes them simpler to control† (Schlosser, 30). Then again, Devine’s study shows that 90% of the guardians bolster secondary school understudies working in cafés and administration areas (16). Be that as it may, his work likewise archives repudiating contentions by Prof. Hendry who expresses that, however these abilities are significant, understudies working in these eateries wind up getting disappointed as aptitudes legitimately identified with their vocation ways are not engrained during this procedure. In the expressions of Prof. Hendry â€Å"it is dependent upon the general public to guarantee it doesn’t simply end at 2 0 or 21 and that there are different outlets so their abilities can be moved into progressively genuine occupations† (Devine 16). It is significant that guardians and educators manage understudies towards their picked vocation ways. Moreover, a large portion of the fundamental abilities can be procured by different ways, for example, preparing, classes, interest in deliberate administrations and through education.Advertising Looking for article on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One fundamental contention set forward by pundits, and bolstered in this work, is the way that inclusion of these understudies in these employments takes the greater part of their scholastic time. Thus, understudies neglect to accomplish their scholarly accomplishments and become baffled as these occupations don't present chances to progress. Just understudies with profession ways in the neighborliness segment shoul d work at these cafés in is line with the inn business. In spite of the fact that these low maintenance employments are acceptable, they ought to be in accordance with an individual’s vocation way. For instance, understudies trying to become specialists and attendants ought to be utilized at wellbeing offices. Thusly, they won't just addition fundamental abilities, for example, fearlessness and obligation, yet additionally become talented in their vocation ways. Low maintenance occupations are supported since they plan people for grown-up jobs and obligations. In any case, working in these eateries neglects to give a quantifiable avocation that understudies have achieved mental development. Not exclusively should such vocations teach development, however ought to likewise urge understudies to proceed with their investigations and accomplish their profession goal. This is anyway not the situation as these drive-through joints just endeavor the young people furthering their po tential benefit. Not all secondary school understudies would need to turn out to be cheap food chain administrators, it is in this way basic that secondary school understudies should initially increase scholarly greatness and afterward work in their ideal fields where they have more open doors for progressing in their vocations (Marsh and Kleitman 333). The greater part of the models introduced in the Devine’s article record accounts of accomplishment of secondary school understudies who occupied low maintenance work (16). Curiously, the article doesn't assess how these people performed at school or whether they proceeded with their vocation ways in the friendliness business or in their fields of specialization. Such factors are significant, if not basic, for this assessment. Most examinations center around accounts of accomplishment without uncovering the opposite idea of business while being in secondary school. (Warren and LePore 3). All in all, however low maintenance occ upations are being empowered by guardians as being considered as significant advance in changing youngsters into grown-ups, understudies and guardians ought to be forewarned that such work ruins fruitful scholastic and vocation improvement of most students.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The Negative Consequences of Employing High School Students in Fast Food Restaurants explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Teenagers ought to be urged to embrace low maintenance employments in associations that are firmly identified with their future professions. Moreover, secondary school understudies ought to be exhorted that training and their vocations are increasingly significant when contrasted with working at drive-thru eateries. Works Cited Devine, Darren. â€Å"Part time Job is useful for Your Teenager’s Growing-up.† Western Mailâ 10 July. 2006:16. Print. Bog, Herbert and Sabina Kleitman.â€Å"Consequences of Employment during High School: Character Building, Subversion of Academic Goals, Or a Threshold?†Ã‚ American Educational Research Journal 42.2 (2005):331-339.Print. Schlosser, Eric. Cheap Food Nation: What the All-American Meal Is Doing To the World, London: Penguin books, 2002. Print. Warren, Robert and LePore Paul. Work during High School: Consequences for Students’ Grades in Academic Courses, Los Angeles: University of California, 2000. Print. This article on The Negative Consequences of Employing High School Students in Fast Food Restaurants was composed and put together by client Cristian Bowman to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Gestalt Theory on Connection between Theory and Research - 1925 Words

Gestalt Theory on Connection between Theory and Research (Research Paper Sample) Content: Gestalt TheoryStudents NameInstitutional AffiliationConnection between Theory and Research There exist a relationship between theory and research which can be brought out clearly using their definitions as well as functions of research and theory. The motivation behind any research work in academic context is to search for theory or for developing a theory. This is to mean that research depends on theory to come up with a problem and also theory relies on research work to ascertain its usefulness. Therefore theory always generates hypotheses which are subjected to being proved or disapproved by research and by the research work theory is being strengthened (Fook, 2001).The Gestalt Theory The Gestalt Theory was a theory developed and propounded in the 1920s by German Scientist and was an attempt to understand how the brain perceived objects. It held that if an objected were to be sighted by an individual, the brain would automatically and even at other times unconsciou sly simplify it, order and arrange as the whole would be considered greater than the total (sum) of its various parts. Gestalt theory was also of the opinion that as human beings could see by ostensibly forming light, contours and even dark images into one whole image without even battling an eyelash. It is however noteworthy to acknowledge that the whole image that is perceived in the brain would be quite different from the sum of all the parts that came together. This meant that our brains usually summed up the way we recognize images and figures and forms a complete one instead of just viewing the image as an assortment of simple shapes, lines and curves. This theory also has six principles, figure, similarity, proximity, closure, continuation and order. Figure principle is responsible for exposing the perceptual tendency we bequeath to differentiate images from their environment, similarity which looks into the likeness of visual characteristics, proximity refers to how objects that are each other always seem to appear as a group, closure when an encoded patterns which causes the recognition of satisfactory images, continuity suggests that the shapes have come no ending and never coming to an end, and the last principle being symmetry as the user perceives that the subject must not be give an impression that something is out of balance or missingAssumption of a Selected Epistemological Paradigm The underlying epistemological paradigm that is the underlying foundation of this theory is logical positivism. This epistemological paradigm propounds that metaphysical arguments and philosophies should be rejected and individuals should only believe what has been proven to exist or be the way it is after there being scientific investigation. Metaphysical assumptions are ontological in nature and thus are rejected as they dont lead to a practical realistic answer. This empirical study done here thus proves a fact by the use of science and rejects any of the philos ophical notions brought fourth that cannot be proven or verified scientifically. This theory attempts to prove why our brain chooses to perceive images the way it does by the use of science and thus giving an explanation that is ostensibly scientific in nature and also showing that reality does exist and I this case it is external to the particular researcher conducting the research to using the method of scientific inquiry. Major Assumptions of the Gestalt Theory In explaining the Gestalt Theory an example of the panda logo in World Wildlife Federation can be used. This logo contains an assortment of odd shapes that are put together to make an image that the human brain interpret as that of the panda. However, it is important to note that the image is in actual sense incomplete and the collection is just arranged in a way that makes our mind form the shape of a panda. To most, if not all people, the empty spaces in the outline of the collective image were ignored and the image perc eived as that of a panda. The Bottom up-process as it was coined by a psychology professor by the name Philip Zimbar do was this process of us not having to think about it but the mind immediately decides to form the image in our heads. This theory is thus a proposition that the brain in its operations acts in a holistic nature together with its self-organizing predisposition and the individual ends up perceiving an incomplete image as a whole without even being aware of this fact and the connection of the various parts. This image can thus not be change when it is transposed in the image making process.Methodology of Research Studies that Were Conducted Using the Gestalt TheoryA research was done by (Nesbitt Wilkins, 2007) on the topic The Gestalt Principles of Similarity and Proximity Apply to Both the Haptic and Visual Grouping of Elements in the quest to analyse how people can use the sense of touch in grouping displayed elements. They hypothesised that people will use touch to group display elements in the very same way they group elements visually. In this research work, they found out that a significant proportion of the sample size they used in the research used colour or texture of different elements to group them when the spacing that was created between the elements were equal (Nesbitt Wilkins, 2007). This result confirmed their hypothesis on touch. In another clinical practice research by (Kelly Howie, 2011) on the topic of Exploring the Influence of Gestalt Therapy Training on Psychiatric Nursing Practice which was a study done to explore the influence of Gestalt theory on therapy, they identified seven studies that they used in their research and two of the studies were used as controlled trials in their experiment. At the end of the study, they found out that six out of the seven studies they used reported that Gestalt theory of therapy resulted in an increased positive outcomes, in this case they were assessed alongside the comparators (Kell y Howie, 2011). According to research study conducted by Alawadhi ( 2010) on the perception on the Gestalt principles, the purpose of the thesis was to examine the four main principles of the Gestalt theory which were the motion of Gestalt, the art pad, the visual thinking, and the snowflake workshop. He found out that the Gestalt principles that he analysed had a direct and tangible effect on the quality of the design solutions.Assumption of Epistemological Paradigm to Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods Extensive research was done by scientist in to this theory and some researchers, such as Norbert .M. Steel explicitly studied the theory and its application outside of psychology in fields such as economics, music, art, mathematics and even sociology. The rise of basic assumptions of the Gestalt theory in psychology led to cognitive psychologists delving in the study of complex structures of knowledge which later came to be known as scripts, schemas or mental models. (Se el, 2011, p.70). The rise of the Gestalt Theory and its use in post-war Germany can be attributed to a Frankfurt institute professor by the name Edwin Rausch. He would give examples such as that of an adolescent and his mother in public where an individual who has prior knowledge of the two would comment about how the teenager has grown and how tall he has become, but in actual sense this concerns both mother and son. This would in essence mean that the mother who is a fully grown adult is being treated as a collection to the endpoint which is meaningful belongingness (Ash, 1998, p.196). Some of the assumptions and approaches that are present in the Gestalt Theory have been used in modern times to actions such as image analysis, in which a probabilistic approach is employed. Gestalt psychology is usually in the quest to decipher psychological phenomena by the process of viewing them as organized and structured collective object rather than the sum of the various parts that it is co nstituted of. Agnes Desolneux attempts to explain the Gestalt Theory in her own way by applying its use in describing visual reconstruction (Bliss Hamalainen, 2005). This is where the eye perceives an image as a whole and ignoring the various anomalies the image might be having. The retina perceives an image as a hole and the eye ignores the mathematical representation thus creating a full image at the retina while ignoring all other anomalies present (Desolneux, Moisan, Morel, 2008, p.67).Scope of Practice Theory and Its Appropriateness for Theory Building and Validation There were researchers such as psychologist Edward C. Tolman propounded that it was the external stimuli that led to the change in cognition and it is this that the attention was to be paid. He is also of the opinion that cognition is responsible for our adaptation and acclimatization to a new experience through previous experiences. When such an animal is put in a new confusing situation, it is able to use its olfactory, auditory or visual cues to adapt to this new situation (Chang Nebitt, 2005). For instance, if a herbivore that feeds on maize stalks is put in a new confusing situation, it will end up moving around in its blindness of information, but will finally find the food. Cognition for such an animal would come from the various experiences it has had in the past and this would enable it to finally end up where its food is (Burns Dobson, 1984, p.201). Research into the Gestalt theory was also responsible for the creation of the Visual Motor Gestalt Test by Lauretta Bender in the year 1938 and was also based on the evaluation of visual-motor functioning and the in adults and sometimes even children. This test was also used to assess the visual maturity, the reaction of the subject to stressful situations, their planning and ...

Impact Of Homelessness On Our Life - Free Essay Example

Homelessness is a problem that can be seen when looking just below the surface of the many social problems our country has. Homelessness is a problem that has no regard for its victims. People of all ages, races, gender and religions can be impacted by homelessness. The primary reason that is attributed to homelessness is the lack of affordable housing. Over five million low-income households have struggled to maintain their home due to high housing costs and or substandard housing conditions. (Doorways, 2018) The homeless people in our communities struggle day after day to find somewhere to live or wonder where their next meal will come from. Food and shelter are the basis for our human society to be able to stay afloat in any environment we are put in. There are more families that endure homelessness in the United States than in any other industrialized nation. (Doorways, 2018) The sad reality is that one in thirty American children experience homelessness annually and even more saddening, fifty one percent are under age five. (Doorways, 2018) Over two million children are homeless each year in America. Family homelessness has continued to be a problem that is getting worse and worse over time. At a national level, eighty five percent of providers have seen family homelessness increasing in recent years. (Doorways, 2018) Based on the cost to live in different cities across the United States and the varying pay in salaries, one in four renters spends more than half their income on housing and almost half need to pay over thirty percent of their incomes on rent. (Doorways, 2018) Many families who become homeless did or do have employment but there are many changing factors can contribute aside from the pay itself not being enough to sustain the financial responsibilities needed to avoid from falling into a homeless state or cycle. Sometimes families go through life changing events such as loss of hours at work, a sick family member, domestic violence or another extreme event that causes a rippling effect that makes the family fall victim to homelessness. (End Homelessness, 2018) Family homelessness can spiral out of control quickly. The impact that is has on those who endure it can be life changing. This problem is only getting bigger and we need to take action to help slow down the speed at which is it happening and additionally, move to a more proactive state. The challenge to get back to a stable place comes with many hurdles. The earlier that society can help someone who has fallen homeless, the sooner they are able to be a contributing member to society. Another concept that must be considered and understood when learning about homelessness, is understanding the impact it has on children that go through it. A typical homeless family is comprised of a young, single mother, with little to no education and her two young children. (Doorways, 2018) The financial challenges along with the family wellbeing make for a difficult return but it can be done. Across the United States, the high housing costs and the shortages of available homes has begun to be more and more evident. These adverse effects impact businesses, workers and our economy. The demand for affordable housing exceeds the supply by five point three million units. (No Place Like Home, 2018) Because of the economic boom from the 1990s, the current population in the United States is somewhat split into two groups. Over two-thirds of Americans currently own their own home and this is more than we have ever seen in our history. (No Place Like Home, 2018) On the other side though, for those looking to buy or rent a home now, the properties have so drastically increased that most people cannot afford to buy or rent. This begins the cycle we are trying to break when it comes to homelessness. Food and shelter are probably two of the most basic human needs we have and it is not only used for comfort, but we need these two critical items so that we can foster an environment for p ositive childhood development, self-esteem and over family success and well-being. What do we consider to be affordable housing in the United States? We tend to think that affordable entails the cost of a mortgage or rent not exceeding thirty percent of the median family income in a given area. (No Place Like Home, 2018) A research study showed that in Bostons South End, the average two bedroom apartment had a monthly cost of about $1400.00 and this by far exceeds the thirty percent margin for affordability. (No Place Like Home, 2018) In Massachusetts as a whole, a study estimated that between 1990 and 1997, more than two hundred thousand people had to leave the state. The main reason cited for their departure was because of the lack of affordable causing. (No Place Like Home, 2018) Our low income families are not the only ones that are impacted by the lack of affordable housing. We are also starting to see a spike and trend of a growing problem in the suburbs. Many companies have moved locations due to tax breaks and other varying factors. Traffic filled highways and polluted air also drives companies to move into different areas. We should be concerned about housing for moderate-income citizens such as police officers, firefights, teachers, nurses and other types of these workers since they are a s tabilizing force for the community. Their services are critical for our society to be able to move forward and functioning. It is concerning when they are not able to live and work in a close proximity as this also begins to create an opportunity for financial struggles that could lead to homelessness. (No Place Like Home, 2018) We can only imagine that if our moderate-income workers are struggling to maintain a financially healthy life style, our lower-income families will more than likely fall victims to a greater dependency on different government services or worse, become homeless. We have seen a pattern across the nation where our government has cut back on construction, maintenance, and subsidies for low-income housing. (No Place Like Home, 2018) This change combined with the growing economys real-estate market, has created a very evident affordable housing crisis that can only lead to assuming will get worse if we do not take appropriate actions now. These experts predict that the problem is likely to get worse because salaries are not increasing at the same rate as the cost of living and the available places for housing is continuing to decrease. (No Place Like Home, 2018) Businesses in our society may need to take a stand when their workforce impacts the companys ability to produce their products or services like they have with education and health care due to workers not being able to afford to get to work, not making enough money to sustain their home or other varying factors. Having affordable housing is a need for every person in our country because it is a fundamental necessity to being able to provide and sustain a positive environment for ourselves and families. Not being able to have an affordable place to live only leads to more problems, especially for our children. (No Place Like Home, 2018) One of the most unintended consequence that happens when a family falls victim to homelessness is the separation of children from their families. Some shelters do not allow men or older boys to live with women and younger children. Separations are not uncommon in shelters although the effects can become a cycle and some families even have a more formal separation that is guided through the courts and a formal foster care system when a family cannot find a friend or a family member that can take the child in. The facts are chilling when we see the numbers that separations on homeless families has. One study shows that sixteen percent of 8,251 children under sixteen who entered shelters with their families in New York City for the first time in 1996 spent quite some time in out-of-home placements in the child welfare system (before shelter or within the next five years). (ACF, 2018) The study also found that five years after entering a shelter in New York City in 1988, forty four perce nt of mothers experiencing homelessness had become separated from one or more of their children, compared to only eight percent of continuously housed mothers. (ACF, 2018) Millions of children experience homelessness every year. The children will sleep anywhere they can find a warm or cool place to stay such as cars, shelters and abandoned buildings. (Doorways, 2018) Most of these children are part of families that are constantly moving and as a result, takes the child out of school and pulled away from family and friends. In the course of a year, about one point six million children will experience homelessness. Studies show that in any given day, more than 200,000 children have no place to live. (Child Separation among Families Experiencing Homelessness, 2018) The problems that plague homeless children are endless. Homeless children get sick at twice the rate of other children, have twice as many ear infections, four times the rate of asthma and five times more diarrhea and stomach problems. (Doorways, 2018) Additionally, with all of these illness that the homeless children contract, not having healthy food only adds to the problem. Homeless children are twice as likely to experience hunger which leads to additional negative effects on the physical, social, emotional and cognitive development of children. (Doorways, 2018) Up to twenty six percent of homeless preschoolers have mental health issues. When looking at the population of children from age six to eleven this increases twenty four to forty percent. (Doorways, 2018) One in three homeless children who reach the age of eight usually have a major mental disorder and this leads to the child suffering from emotional or behavioral problems that cause issues with their learning almost three times to rate of other children. (Doorways, 2018) Although eighty seven percent of school-age homeless children are enrolled in school, only about seventy seven percent attend regularly. Part of the challenge is that most schools do not allow children who do not have all of their medical records or a permanent address register. (Doorways, 2018) As the child gets older, many times their struggles only become more intense. When compared to other children, homeless children are four times as likely to have developmental delays, twice as likely to have learning disabil ities and twice as likely to repeat a grade. (Doorways, 2018) Homelessness can impact many people of all different walks of life and the long term effects can be detrimental. In the society we live in today, we have the ability to help those who end up homelessness and possibly even preventing it from happening or becoming a cycle. There are three main ways that we can address homelessness and they are prevention, emergency response and housing, accommodation and supports. (Prevention, 2018) All of these solutions ultimately create and foster an environment where those impacted can re-stabilize if they are provided housing. When we talk about prevention, we need to understand how we can help families avoid from becoming homeless in the first place. Emergency response refers to how quickly we, as a society, can help provide important tangible items to help the family such as shelter, food, and day to day needs. Once a family is homeless, it is equally important to provide ongoing services to help them transition as quickly as possible. The soone r we are able to provide support for impacted families, the sooner they can return to being an ongoing contributor to our society. (End Homelessness, 2018) The international evidence reveals that homelessness prevention makes sense from social and economic perspectives. Evaluations of prevention initiatives in Germany, England, and the UK demonstrated that prevention contributed to the reduction of homelessness. (Prevention, 2018) In Canada, research on the importance of discharge planning from correctional facilities, hospitals, and shelters provides evidence that prevention efforts can and will be successful in the Canadian context. (Prevention, 2018) There is not a definitive black and white solution on preventing homelessness but evidence and research shows that we do need to move to a proactive state and investing in our community to prevent it is something we all need to take interest in and most importantly, invest into. Rapid re-housing provides support to newly homeless families with support to searching for homes, financial assistance and other management services to help the family transition as soon as possible back into a home from a shelter. At times, there are families that may need additional or more long-term assistance to have a positive experience transitioning. The government provides many benefits that the family can use to create a new foundation for their family to begin building on. Some of these programs include child care, employment assistance, early childhood services, income support and or mental health accessibility. (End Homelessness, 2018) Homelessness really emerged in the mid-1980s in the United Stated and we have used a variety of services to respond to peoples crisis. Our society will always have a need to provide emergency services to our citizens and the goal should be to provide short term and effective solutions but this has not been the trend we have seen. These services are becoming longer term solutions because of the challenge people are finding to be able to recreate their stability within our community. (Prevention, 2018) Our neighboring country, Canada, has created different policies and practices to move to a more proactive state versus reactive. (Prevention, 2018) Canada created the Housing First approach throughout their country. (Prevention, 2018) The Housing First model aims to provide housing and additional needed support for citizens experiencing ongoing homelessness with no housing readiness requirements. (Prevention, 2018) Looking a little deeper into how we can address homelessness, we can learn from other countries what tactics they have explored. In Canada, they have created a typology of homelessness prevention that might also be fitting for the United States. The model is composed of five layers: structural prevention, systems prevention, early intervention, eviction prevention and housing stability. (Prevention, 2018) Structural prevention is based on legislation, policy, and investment that create assets, and increases social inclusion and equality for the different members of society. Some examples of structural prevention would be increasing the number of affordable places, educating the public on poverty reduction strategies and different types of income supports. (Prevention, 2018) Systems prevention addresses aims to address institutional and system burdens or hurdles that play into the risk of homelessness. Some examples include people who have disabilities, language barriers, and citizens hip requirements. (Prevention, 2018) As mentioned earlier, early intervention is about timely support for individuals and families who are risk of becoming homeless or recently became homeless. Providing medication, shelter, food and case management would be examples of quickly addressing the needs. Evictions prevention focuses on programs and initiatives that help people stay in their home and avoid being evicted from their home. Needs to ensure this happens would be legislation between landlord/tenant, emergency funds when the individual or family does not have sufficient funds to pay their rent and legal advice and representation. Lastly and equally important is housing stability which helps people who have experienced homelessness make a quick and smooth transition back into their home and never have to experience it again. Helping our citizens ensure they are being paid fairly, have the support they need for themselves and family when they have rough times, play a critical part in avoiding the cycle to repeat itsel f once it has begun. (Prevention, 2018) Homelessness is a very serious issue that impacts many people and cities in our country. We know that it does not discriminate against its victims and it can become a vicious cycle for anyone who gets caught in it. It is important that we learn about it and try to help those who have experienced it. The numbers are saddening to know that in the Home of the Free, nothing really is free and even those who have worked really hard to have an education, work endless hours and believe in the dream of a better tomorrow, often are caught in the worries of how they will pay for their homes or how they will be able to put food on the table for themselves and family. We should not have any children experience homelessness and for our teens and adults who are caught in the midst of such tragedy, we should be able to quickly offer support and assistance to ensure that this is a onetime tragedy and not an expectation for the next years of their lives. Homelessness can have an impact on many people and not just those enduring the experience. We will exhaust more resources if we do not take proactive measures to try to address the problem. We will also have more children who experience long term struggles with their physical, mental and emotional wellbeing if we do not take action now. While we may not be able to fix this problem on our own, we have enough opportunity to learn, educate and contribute to help lessen the impact homelessness has in our communities. Together we can make a difference and we must become more proactive and invest into this cause. Our future truly does depend on the actions we take today.

The View Of The Nature Of Reality - 2159 Words

1. Explain (the main ideas and views) and evaluate (by giving arguments) the view of Heraclitus regarding the nature of reality? A: Heraclitus nature of reality was based on the fact that the universe was always changing. He thought that there was no reality, according to Heraclitus everything was based on fire because like our lives fire also changes every single second. His famous quote â€Å"You can’t step in the same river twice† represents the change that we sometimes don’t see, because in his quote the fact that the rivers water is constantly flowing shows the change over time; Where when you want to step in it again is going to be different water from the one you steeped initially. I also think that Heraclitus is talking about how we†¦show more content†¦As Empedocles also sees the change in the universe he also wanted to know why it was happening. He thought that the two forces of the cosmos love and strife had an influence of the natural world and he envision these as the forces of attraction and discomposing because for example when different roots are harmonious and co me together they form love however with strife roots are repelled and seek their own kind bringing decomposition. 3. Explain and evaluate the view of Anaximander? A: Anaximander theory about the different substances explains how he believes that they came from more simple form that just water. He thought the basic substance must be ageless, boundless and indeterminate. He knew things were made from smaller particles that we were not visible. His interest in the fundamental substance that constitutes everything or in determining what the most important feature of reality was. He though what happen in the universe came from natural powers and processes for example how the seasons changed from heat,cold,wetness,dryness it all alternate to create our seasons. 4.Explain, evaluate and compare (by stating how they are similar or different) the views of Parmenides and Heraclitus. A: In comparison to Heraclitus theory of constant change in the universe Parmenides thought that there was no change only permanence. He believes that reality was changeless and that the