Ann Hopkins Essay -- essays research papers fc

Legal Analysis Model The relevant facts According to the case, Ann Hopkins had worked successfully for Price Waterhouse since 1978 and was â€Å"nominated for partnership at Price Waterhouse in 1982.† (p. 1) Out of 88 candidates she was the only woman. In the admissions process, forms were sent out to all Price Waterhouse partners of whom there were 662. These partners then submitted their comments about the candidates. . Only â€Å"thirty-two partners, all male, responded about Hopkins.† (p. 5) The forms were then tabulated to achieve a statistical rating in order to determine if the candidate should be admitted to the partnership. Of the 88 candidates â€Å"Price Waterhouse offered partnerships to 47 of them, rejected 21, and placed 20, including Hopkins, on hold.† (p. 1) â€Å"Some candidates had been held because of concerns about their interpersonal skills.† â€Å"the Policy Board takes evaluations or a negative reaction on this basis very seriously,† even if the negative commen ts on short form evaluations were based upon less contact with the candidate than glowing reports on long forms evaluations based on more extensive contact. The policy board had however, recommended and elected two candidates "criticized for their interpersonal skills†. (p. 4) Approximately 1% of the 662 partners were women. Price Waterhouse â€Å"gave two explanations for this. One was the relatively recent entry of large numbers of women into accounting and related fields. The other was the success of clients and rival accounting firms in hiring away female potential partners.† (p. 4). After hearing that it was unlikely that she would ever make partner, Ann Hopkins decided to â€Å"initiate a lawsuit charging Price Waterhouse with sex discrimination†. She had been a valuable and productive member of the organization and it appears that she was denied admission as a partner since she did not fit the feminine stereotype. Critical issues – Legal There is evidence of Intentional Discrimination by Price Waterhouse and its employees based on sexual stereotype. Appropriate legal rules According to Corley, Reed, Shedd, and Morehead, (2001) â€Å"the most important statue eliminating discriminatory employment practices, however, is the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity Act o 1972 and the Civil Rights Act of 1991.† The appropriation section o... ... order to examine and evaluate the ethical questions? The assumption that needs to be made in analyzing the case are that discriminating against an individual based on a deviation from the accepted stereotype for their gender is morally unacceptable. Ethically, what should be done? Price Waterhouse should educate its partners and employees about accepted work practices and should institute diversity training in order to educate members that stereotyping is unacceptable. Ann Hopkins should be admitted as partner to the firm and welcomed as a valuable addition to senior management. Works Cited Civil Rights Act of 1964. 2 July 1964. U.S. Department of State. 12 Sept. 2004. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/laws/majorlaw/civilr19.htm Civil Rights Act of 1991. 8 March 1991. U.S. Department of State. 12 Sept. 2004. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/laws/majorlaw/civil91.htm Harvard Business School. Ann Hopkins (A). Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 1991. Velasquez, Manuel G. (2002) Owen, C., (5th Ed.). Business Ethics Concepts and Cases. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

Comparing William Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster Bridge and Wil

Compare and Contrast William Wordsworth's Composed Upon Westminster Bridge and William Blake's London William Wordsworth and William Blake wrote poems about London, but they presented their views from different angles. Wordsworth sees the beauty in London and Blake sees only the ugliness. William Wordsworth's "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge" gives a step-by-step look at the awe-inspiring beauty of a London sunrise, whereas William Blake's "London" shows the dreary ugliness of London life by taking a stroll down London's streets. "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge" affects the reader with a sense of wonderment at the beauty that is created with a sunrise. London appears to be the most beautiful place on earth during a sunrise. The sun bathes the city in light and gives the reader a sense of purity and cleanliness. "London" affects the reader with an opposite feeling. The reader sees the unsavory side of London in the faces of its citizens. The citizens of London are unhappy with their lives, but they accept it with resignation. It is appalling how the Church uses the small chimney-sweeping children to clean the soot of London and the poor become soldiers that die for the monarchy. The purity and cleanliness of London is lost when young women become prostitutes. The death that falls upon a marriage is often transmitted through the diseases a prostitute passes on. A sense of anger is felt at a life that allows such sadness and darkness to fall upon the citizens of London. Wordsworth and Blake use different techniques in their poems to present their views. Wordsworth uses personification to bring the beauty of the sunrise to life. London takes on human traits with "This city now doth, like a garment, wear! The beauty of... ...y emphasizing the dreary bondage of the London citizens in "London." Wordsworth's use of imagery and rhythm places the reader in a calm and peaceful situation. Blake's use of imagery and rhythm places the reader in an angry tension filled situation. Wordsworth's readers have the wonders of a sunrise unfold before them and beauty is seen everywhere. Blake's readers become angry at the ugliness and unfairness of life and bondage and resignation are seen everywhere. Both authors achieved their tasks admirably. Works Cited Blake, William. "London." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 7th ed. New York: Longman, 1999. 729. Wordsworth, William. "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 7th ed. New York: Longman, 1999. 1157.

Building Technology Sba

Building Technology School Based Assessment Name: Kevan Taylor Subject: Building Technology School: Meadowbrook High School Centre Number: 100075 Territory: Jamaica Topic: Concrete Production Year of Exam: 2011 Introduction This research focuses on the production of concrete at a concrete producing factory, Pre-Mix Jamaica, located in the corporate area of Kingston and St. Andrew. The aim of this research was to get a substantial and in depth analyses of the concrete producing company so that a report can be presented.In the report, definitions, descriptions and explanations will be given on the contents presented and also, the details of the aggregates used and the tests done to ensure acceptable quality of the products ; this will be outlined with the aid of pictures and diagrams. The data was collected by visiting the production site where an analysis was done after interviewing managers, specialists and other officers and personnel on the ground. Cameras were used to take photos of critical areas of production and testing. Table of Contents Topics Page ? Jamaica Pre-Mix Ltd. †¢ Careers †¢ Norms/regulations/codes Impact of technology on careers †¢ Employment/Unemployment †¢ Security or Processing †¢ Environmental ? How Moral and ethical issues are addressed †¢ Legal policies on safety, health and welfare †¢ Moral approaches to handling health, †¢ safety and welfare issues ? Summary ? Appendices Jamaica Pre-Mix Ltd. Careers As with any other organization, Jamaica Pre-Mix Ltd. has workers of several different career fields in each of their departments. Through the employment of these various professionals and skilled workers the company is able to adequately function and achieve its objective. In fig. 1. a sample of the various skilled areas and career/posts are shown. |Careers | | | | |Site Managers |Quality Controller | |Drivers |Office staff | |Pump Operators |Security personnel | |Supervisors |Maintenance | |Batchers |personnel |Table outlining the career fields present a Jamaica Pre-Mix Ltd. Fig 1. 1 Norms/Regulations/Codes For any organization to function properly there must be regulations and codes to guide its operations. Every organization also has a culture, norms and values that it develops overtime. Outlined below are norms that were observed as well as some of the codes and regulations, that governs the operations of Jamaica Premix Ltd. Codes- †¢ The workers in the production department wear vests of different colours. This is done as a means of identification. Workers |Colour Codes | | | | |Supervisors |Red | |Driver |Green | |Pump Operators |Orange |Table outlining the colour codes of the workers Fig 1. 0 †¢ While some of the workers wear vests, others wear formal clothes on which the logo of the company is attached. Norms/Regulations- †¢ While on the plant, it is ensured that safety precautions is taken, such as wearing safety gears. Some of the safety gears worn ar e goggles, hard hats, gloves ,hard boots and dusks masks. Pictures of some of the safety gears used on the plant Fig1. 2 †¢ Before each batch of concrete is dispatched to its destination, samples are taken and tested.This is done to ensure that the best quality is delivered at all times †¢ Concrete mixing/ delivery trucks and other concrete carrying equipment are weighed before and after they enter and leave the plant in order to ensure that they contain the right amount of concrete desired by costumers ; and also to ensure that their weights are appropriate to traverse the public roads. Impact of Technology on Careers Employment/unemployment Technology has great impacts on jobs and opportunities in organizations on a whole.Through the employment of machines, the need for an intensive labour force is reduced. This will result in reduced labor cost and may subsequently result in reduced production cost. Pre-Mix Jamaica has made much use of technology for its everyday operat ions which has made them less reliant on human labor for certain every day routine tasks. Processing Technology has impacted careers involved with processing in both positive and negative ways. Careers such as quality controlling, batching and maintenance engineering all involved some form of processing.Positives- †¢ Tasks are able to be carried out more efficiently and in a logical manner, for instance, one mixing truck can mix much more concrete than several laborers mixing manually. Negatives- †¢ The application of technology to processing can result in loss of jobs for unskilled workers †¢ It can also make us overly dependent on machines such that we loose our craftsmanship. †¢ Technology is antisocial and thus can promote this at the workplace. Environmental Careers relating to the environment are very important and they also are greatly impacted by technology.Pre-Mix Jamaica is located in a built up area where there are institutions such as schools and othe r business close by. Hence Pre-Mix has the responsibility to be as environmentally friendly as possible, especially because their production of concrete produces a lot of pollutants. In mitigating against this problem, the supervisors at the complex ensure that the compound is watered regularly using water trucks. Methods of addressing Ethical and Moral Considerations Legal policies on safety, health and welfareAt any established organization, the safety health and welfare of the staff must be considered. In other words, policies have to be put in place to ensure that the staff rights are observed and respected. Companies such as Pre-Mix Jamaica Ltd. adhere to guidelines or regulations that are enforced by trade unions such as the National Workers Union. Some of the policies at the Pre-Mix Jamaica Ltd. involve; †¢ Providing health covering arrangements such health insurance through the company for the benefit of the staff and their familiesMoral approaches to handling health, s afety and wealthfare issues As welfare issues are encountered in our day to day lives whether at home or at a plant, moral approaches have to be made concerning how they are handled. Pre-Mix Jamaica Ltd. ensures that they make responsible approaches in handling these matters as they are mostly dealt with by persons in authority such as their managers or their human relations officers. †¢ Before entering the plant, visitors are briefed on the rules and regulations concerning their safety while on the plant. Personnel from the Ministry of Health visit the plant to make sure the immediate surrounding contains uncontrolled toxic elements that could threaten the life of anyone. †¢ Vehicles are made available so that that if anyone on the plant should have an accident, reliable transportation Summary Major Findings ? Jamaica Pre-Mix Limited is the only fully computerized concrete plant on the island of Jamaica ? The have maintained a high standard of being the islands top produc er of concrete. ? The company is a ready mix organization, meaning they manufacture in a batching plant according to a set recipe, then deliver to construction sites.Recommendations ? It is recommended that enough protective gears are available to visitors on the site for future use. ? It is also recommended that the organization is given advanced notice for research visitors so that they can be well prepared. Limitations ? The length of time of the visit was too short; hence it limited the amount of knowledge that could be gained. ? Not all departments were visited at the company; therefore a lot of useful information was unfortunately not received. Appendices Fig1. 3 Figure 1. depicts concrete being batched into a mixing truck from one of the silos. The Aggregates will then be mixed into the truck so that the concrete may be suitable for use. Fig1. 4 Figure 1. 4 shows samples of concrete placed into moulds. After they are hardened, they are demoulded then placed into a curing tank for seven days. Their strength is then tested by compressing them with machines. Fig1. 5 In Figure 1. 5, there is a heavy duty machine seen on the plant. It is used to get large quantity of materials such as gravel from one point to another. [pic]

Authority and Social Identity Essay

In “The new psychology of leadership” (2007), the authors offer a new perspective about leadership, based not only on authority but on sharing a social identity with the people. The new concept of leadership is the ability to attain success by having followers wanting to do it instead of enforcing or rewarding them. To accomplish their goals, leaders must be situated among their group, be part of it. When goals are shared by common circumstances, they matter to the group as a whole, thus leaders that are able to represent the group better, have more influence over them. It should be a primary responsibility for the leader to understand values and opinions of the group in order to communicate effectively about what the group stands for and how their values should be reflected in their actions. LeaderÂ’s behavior and character affinity to the group defines how much control and inspiration can be imparted. However, any trait that separates the leader will hinder the chance for effective leadership. Other factors that influence leadership effectiveness are:•Show fairness when making decisions and resolving disputes, although fairness may depend on the perception of the group being led, therefore it is important to consider what itÂ’s fair for the group. •Leadership must shape and define norms conforming the groupÂ’s identity, which is based on shared beliefs and values. •GroupÂ’s social identity must be aligned with reality, since there is no chance of success for unrealistic goals that will eventually disappoint the group. Leaders need to be in touch with reality, and when required, align the groupÂ’s identity with his own. Based on the authorsÂ’ psychological analysis, leaders and followers must have the same identity that will be used to outline future actions. Many times in history, leaders lost their position because their actions depicted  a different identity from their group, and in some cases, only their individual identity. Development and nurturing a shared identity among leaders and their groups is the key for an effective and creative leadership. In FocusJuly 31, 2007The New Psychology of LeadershipRecent research in psychology points to secrets of effective leadership that radically challenge conventional wisdomBy Stephen D. Reicher, Michael J. Platow and S. Alexander HaslamFrom the August 2007 issue of Scientific American Mind

Capital Markets and Investment Banking Process Essay

Capital Markets and Investment Banking Process - Essay Example The different types of capital instruments that constitute an investment portfolio have also been described. Lastly, recommendations have been provided regarding the selection of assets for the construction of an effective and efficient portfolio. Investment Banking Process for an IPO Initial Public Offering (IPO) refers to the process of issuing shares by a company to the public for the first time in its history. It is mainly done to raise capital or funds in the form of share capital to be utilized by the company in its business processes. An IPO process typically consists of three key steps. They are: a) Preparation; b) Market approaching strategies; and c) Going public. Investment bankers are selected by the company for the purpose of coordinating the whole process of IPO. Hence, investment bankers form an important part of the IPO process and perform various functions during the whole process. The investment bankers give valuable advice to the company regarding how to go about t he whole process of IPO. The underwriting functions related to the IPO are also performed by the investment bankers. ... The investment bankers are mainly selected by the companies because of their expertise in the field of obtaining the best selling price of the shares to be issued by the companies (O'Rourke, 2007, p. 209). Hence, investment bankers are found to have three tasks to be performed by then in case of IPOs. They are: a) Given the existing conditions in the market, the investment bankers help the companies to design the securities of the companies to be offered by them in a way that are most attractive to the public; b) The investment bankers buy those securities from the companies; and c) They resell those securities to the investors or the public (Besley & Brigham, 2008, p. 83). Asset Class Selection for an Investment Portfolio Portfolio of an investor consists of combination of assets or asset classes. An asset class can be defined as a combination of different types of securities such as shares, bonds, mutual funds, etc. which, taken together, serve the purpose of providing specific con tribution to the portfolio of the investors. Such contributions are in the form of risks associated with the securities chosen, the return generated from the assets and covariance of return that exists between other classes of assets. The diversification of assets included in a portfolio can be achieved at two levels. One is while choosing a large number of assets and the other one is while choosing different types of asset classes to form the portfolio. Various factors are needed to be considered while selecting asset classes to form an investment portfolio. They are: a) Expected return of the portfolio; b) Diversification benefits; c) Required scale of investment; and d) Liquidity. The returns that are expected from the asset

Critical Analysis of Technology & Ethics in Pop Culture Essay

Critical Analysis of Technology & Ethics in Pop Culture - Essay Example However, people fail to focus on the actual themes of future ethics at play in the movie, since it primarily focuses on social choices and the outcomes of an economic profit that is ethics based. District 9 is a movie that tends to go against what a viewer expects. It is the kind that plays on a viewer’s a presumption with the purpose of creating far much deeper and disturbing issues. Actually, first and most noticeable subtext in the movie is a depiction of racism, or rather in this situation speciesism. The fact that the setting of the movie was done in South Africa is an instant creation of an association with apartheid, a factor that results to some interesting thoughts concerning the capacity of humans to despise and distrust others (Dir. Blomkamp; District 9). The well-known story of the extensive humanitarian (or, this situation, non-humanitarian) aid programs to offer assistance rapidly turns into suspicions and fear once the original disaster has been turned away and the non-humans must somehow integrate into the city’s life and identity. The rigid nature of most of the cultural norms of humans quickly conflicts with the diverse behavior and values tha t the non-humans hold, with a lot of distrust and hostility being the outcome. The allegory is obvious, and has been effectively applied, but in the final section there seems to be no deeper concerns at hand. Racism is not only the primary factor that actually lies at the center of the ethical questions brought about by the movie (Dir. Blomkamp; District 9): in reality, real  contact  with human beings being technologically advanced will lead to the impossibility of them being oppressed. This context of segregation is attached to questions that surround the economics and development of new technology, and the efforts that most people will make so as to ensure that they secure either military or financial dominance over others. During the movie’s progression, the

Finality of arbitral awards under Islamic or sharia law Dissertation

Finality of arbitral awards under Islamic or sharia law - Dissertation Example Islamic countries ‘too often have impermissibly interfered with international arbitration cases.’4 Many different cultural, political, and geographical factors have constituted the foundation of the Islamic legal system, and pure knowledge of the law does not suffice to understand the Islamic jurisdictional system.5 While international arbitration as a contemporary legal system is relatively new to Arab nations, arbitration per se in the Islamic world dates back to 622 A.D. ... Jarrar8 called the finality of arbitration as arbitrary, and the principle that the results of arbitration are binding and final is a myth. This is not to say, however, that the teachings of Sharia are directly contradictory to the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards. It is actually to the greater interest of Islamic countries which issue Sukuk bonds to streamline arbitration proceedings to reduce the perceived risks investors assume when investing in these Sharia-based financial instruments. Arbitration is invaluable for the average investor to pursue claims in any dispute, including Islamic finance, because arbitration is usually less costly and therefore favourable to individual investors. Added to these is the absence of uniformity among remedies and the complexities of navigating conflicts of law issues makes litigation an unfavourable means of obtaining relief. Therefore, it is to the advantage of Islamic financial institutions, in particular, and Islamic business in general to enhance systematic procedures that affirm and enforce arbitral awards, both domestic and international. 1.2 Conventions influencing the enforcement of arbitral awards in Islamic member states As of January 1, 2009, 143 out of a total of 192 member States have adopted the New York Convention of 1958, among whom are all the major players in the Sukuk bonds market, namely Malaysia (1985), Bahrain (1988), Qatar (2003) and the UAE (2006). This is because Sukuk issuances have come to be accepted globally, and its compliance with arbitration is most useful in the resolution of international disputes arising out of the terms of the Sukuk contracts. Increasingly, the Gulf States have over the years acceded to the Convention, including Kuwait